The Ottoman Empire *Introduction*

     The Ottoman Empire is a very large and successful empire that lasted for about 600 years. The Empire was named after Osman Bey who was chief of his tribe. The Empire started to spread from Anatolia to countries such as Syria, Iraq and Arabia and later on took North African Countries. The Empire was reigned by 45 sultans throughout the 600 years of this Islamic Empire.

Ottoman Empire Outline

I.          Introduction
  
    a. Introduction of the Ottoman Empire.
    b.  Overview on Islam

II. Culture
 
   a. Religion effect in culture.
   b. Art and Culture

III. Islam
 
  a. Islam in the empire
  b. Islam's impact in every day life

IV. Art

  a. Society and Art
  b. Art with a religious perspective

V.  Conclusion
 
  a. Restate all that said
  b. Restate thesis

Aztec or Conquistador Diary

Aztec:-

Dear Diary,

  A group of strange white skinned men on a vessel of some sorts showed of on our shoreline. They were so much different than our people they had light glowing faces unlike our brown colored skin and their food was nothing like ours.  My people think that Cortez is Quazacotl here for his revenge over like he has sworn before. Which I think might be true because when we came to fight them they had what looked like deer but larger, stronger and more majestic. Something else I have never seen before was the sticks they had that spit out fire and left our men lifeless on the ground. They might be here for revenge as my people thought.

Conquistador:-

Dear Diary,

  We sailed to a shore of a strange land that before I thought this land was just islands off the coast of Cuba. I guess I was wrong because this land turns out to be quite sizeable.  At first when I saw the land off the horizon in the ship I thought this land was empty with no civilizations. I was wrong again as it turns out it has a civilization that is really advanced. The residents of this land are savage murderers that kill anybody in sight. My people are forced to fight with them because we are scared they’d eat us or something. At first we came and stayed to this in search of riches and gold but I guess its more important to survive than gold.   

* i didn't know which point of view should I choose so I wrote both points of view :).

Why did Lutheranism appeal to the Princes?

        Lutheranism is a branch of Western Christianity formed by the German reformer Martin Luther. Martin Luther attempted to reform the theology or the study of nature of God of the Catholic Church which ended in the Protestant reformation. It all began with Luther's 95 Theses, it was a list of concepts that the Roman Catholic Church followed that Martin disagreed with. Ideas of the Reformation spread tremendously because of his theses forming a big group of followers. Lutheranism appealed to all social classes, people (also Princes) approved of the suggestions in the theses. Lutheranism gave princes in Germany more authority and power over their people.
      Lutheranism gave the princes authority to control more land and territories. This gave them to take over monasteries, giving more money and land. By confiscating monasteries they would save money to spend on there community which appealed to many.
     The Reformation gave the German princes freedom of controlling politics. which made princes able to ordain their own ministers. Which stopped problems of powers with Bishops and Archbishops. The stop f the struggles gave more power to the princes.
      Also princes who converted did not have to pay tribute to Rome by diverting revenues. This gave them the freedom not to implement ecclesiastical fees on their citizens. The more wealth of the kingdoms was kept instead of being sent as tax to Rome.
     Another appeal for the princes was the many incorrect beliefs given by the Roman Catholic Church. One example was that Luther said two important points in the theses; First, he said that Jesus was the only true leader of the church not the Pope. Second, indulgences are sinful and they don't buy the way to heaven it just provides more money to the church. This threatened the Pope as he himself believed Luther's Thesis. More concepts of the Catholic Church were proven false as of so many converted to Lutheranism to save their souls and start the correct the path to heaven.
       Lutheranism appealed to the princes because it promised a great amount of power, wealth and freedom. Wealth was given to the princes and the kingdom and even more for the princes. Also princes believed that they saved their souls by converting to Lutheranism.
  

How Did The Crusade Change Europe

    There many changes in Europe as a result of the crusades. Some of the most significant were commerce, feudalism, and intellectual development. Commerce was significant because more trade with the Middle East made merchants have more money and encouraged ship building. Feudalism was another important point because after the crusades most barons and knights either died or sold their land making the king richer and more powerful, also it broke down later. Last but not least intellectual development is important because people became more liberal which meant they were more open to newer ideas, also it was the period of new learning.
    In my opinion, the most important was intellectual development because the people were open to new ideas. I believe that without the people being more liberal the Renaissance would never have happen. Also the Renaissance is a really important thing in European history.
Other changes that happened is the Catholic Church becomes more in power, the political effects, the social effects. After the crusades many of the rich joined the church meaning the church would gain money. The political effects were that cities were more in power, Aristocracy is destroyed, and lending money with interests. The one I think is least important is the social effect which is knights became more chivalrous.